Kia Soul EV: Smart Key System / Description and Operation
The SMART KEY system is a system that allows the user to
access and operate a vehicle in a very convenient way. To access the
vehicle, no traditional key or remote control unit is needed.
The user carries a SMART KEY FOB which does not require any
conscious actions by the user (e.g. operate a RKE button). The SMART KEY
system is triggered by pressing a push button in the door handle.
After being triggered the vehicle sends out a request in a
limited range. If the SMART KEY FOB receives this request, it
automatically sends a response to the vehicle. Then the system decides
whether to perform a particular action (unlocking, locking…) or remain
inactive.
Again, a communication between the vehicle and the SMART KEY FOB is needed before any actions will be performed.
The System offers the following features :
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Passive unlock via door driver side and passenger side |
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Passive locking via door driver side and passenger side |
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Passive trunk access via the trunk lid switch at the trunk |
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Passive locking via tailgate |
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Max. 2 fobs can be handled by the system |
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Immobilizer backup antenna integrated into SSB for TP authentication (i.e. limp home mode) |
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Communication with engine management system |
1. |
Passive unlock
The system allows the user to access (unlock) the vehicle
without performing any actions with the SMART KEY FOB. This feature
could be different depending on platform as follows:
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Pressing Push button in door handle |
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2. |
Passive locking
The system allows the user to lock the vehicle by pushing a button on door handle with the SMART KEY FOB. |
3. |
Button start
The system allows the user to release ESCL and to switch the
power modes (Off, Accessory, Ignition), as well as to enable and disable
the EV vehicle''s READY mode (standby) without performing any actions
with the SMART KEY FOB. See Button Engine Start system specification. |
4. |
LIMP HOME Mode
Additionally, the system offers so called "limp home mode",
by which the user can operate all vehicle functions by pushing the key
into the SSB. |
Smart Key ECU (SMK ECU)
The SMK ECU manages all functions related to "Passive
Unlock", "Passive Lock" and "Passive Authorization for READY mode
operation".
It reads the inputs (from Push button in door handle, Start
Stop Button (SSB), PARK position Switch), controls the outputs (e.g.
from exterior and interior antennas), and communicates via the CAN as
well as a single line interface to further devices of the car.
To communicate with the SMART KEY FOB, SMK ECU generates a
request (challenge) in an encoded and modulated 125 (or 134.2) kHz
signals at the inductive antenna outputs and receives the SMART KEY
FOB''s response via the external RF receiver.
The main functional blocks of the SMK ECU are:
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Microcontroller with FLASH Memory |
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Single Line Interface to EMS |
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LF antenna amplifier/driver |
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CAN communication with BCM |
The LF antenna amplifier/driver generates a 125 (or 134.2)
kHz sinusoidal carrier signal which is distributed to different
antennas.
Smart Key FOB
The system supports up to 2 SMART KEY FOBs.
The main functions of the SMART KEY FOB are:
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Passive functionality: receives LF-challenge and automatically sends RF response. |
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Classic RKE function by action of up to 4 push buttons. |
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Transponder-functionality in case of a flat battery or a disturbed communication. |
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LED for operation feedback and battery monitoring. |
The FOB''s LED indicator may continue to light even with a low transmitter battery.
If the performance or range of the FOB is less than expected, check the transmitter battery. |
Antennas
1. |
Emitting LF Antennas:
Inductive antennas in and on the vehicle are used to
transform the current, driven by the SMK ECU antenna driver, into a 125
(or 134.2) kHz magnetic field, which is the carrier for the SMART KEY
challenge.
Three antennas cover the vehicle’s exterior: two antennas
in the Door Handles (DS and PS) cover the area around the doors; one
antenna in the rear bumper covers the area around the trunk.
Up to two antennas cover the vehicle’s interior and the
trunk interior: one in the passenger compartment and one in the trunk. |
2. |
Bidirectional Immobilizer Antenna (for Limp Home):
The Immobilizer Backup Antenna is used for sending and
receiving data: it emits a magnetic field (134.2 kHz challenge) and
receives changes in the field strength (response of Transponder). |
Door Handle
The front door handles of the two doors (driver door &
passenger door) are equipped with LF-antennas that emit 125 (or 134.2)
kHz signals. Each front door handle is also equipped with a push button.
Push Button
The push button on door handle serves as a trigger to indicate the user’s intention to unlock or lock the vehicle.
The push buttons are integrated into the door handles on front doors.
Another button is installed on the trunk or tailgate lid.
Passive Functions
The system allows the user to access the vehicle without
having to perform any actions (e.g. RKE button pressing) with the SMART
KEY FOB. It is sufficient that a valid SMART KEY FOB is located within a
defined and limited range with respect to the vehicle. So the system is
capable of detecting and authenticating a SMART KEY FOB in the ranges
as specified below.
The SMART KEY FOB receives and interprets a challenge sent
from the vehicle via the exterior antennas in a free space range of min.
0.7m measured around the exterior antennas which are integrated in the
door handles. The trunk access range is also min. 0.7m measured from the
antenna position.
Passive Access (Passive Entry)
Pressing one of the push buttons on the door handles while
all doors are locked indicates the operator''s intention to access the
vehicle and thus triggers the system to unlock.
Passive Locking (Exit)
Pressing one of the push buttons on the door handles when one of the following conditions is fulfilled:
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At least one door is unlocked and two-step timer is not running or |
indicates the operator''s intention to lock the vehicle and thus triggers the system to lock.
Passive Open Trunk
Pressing the Trunk/Tailgate Lid Switch when Trunk/Tailgate is
closed indicates the operator''s intention to open the Trunk/Tailgate
and thus triggers the system. Subsequently, the SMK ECU sends an
LF-challenge to the SMART KEY FOB via the exterior bumper antenna. The
SMART KEY FOB answers with an RF-response. If the received response
matches the expected answer, SMK ECU sends a "Trunk/Tailgate open"
message via the CAN network.
Passive Trunk Warning
Whenever the trunk is closed, SMK ECU uses a suitable search
strategy to avoid trunk buzzer warning by a fob inside the vehicle. Then
SMK searches for a SMART KEY FOB in the interior of the trunk. If a
valid SMART KEY FOB is found in the trunk, the SMK ECU activates SMK
external buzzer (TBD) to inform the user that the trunk has been closed
with a fob inside the trunk.
SMK will send the trunk open command to BCM for trunk
reopening if trunk reopening bit is set (BK). For this functionality, a
"valid" SMART KEY FOB means any SMART KEY FOB that belongs to the
vehicle, even if it''s DEACTIVATED.
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A blind spot in the trunk similar to any RF disturbance may lead to no trunk warning. |
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Due to the penetration of the bumper antenna into the trunk area, the lid may open without an external Identification Device. |
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Smart Key Reminder 1
1. |
Preconditions:
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Locking status not locked (checked by SMK periodically for every 100 ms as long as CAN/LIN active) |
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2. |
Event:
At least 1 door knob status changed from unlock to lock. |
3. |
SMK actions:
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IF NO FOB-IN ACTIVE
SMK performs a search for the fobs in the interior of the
vehicle. The same LF-strategy has to be used as it is defined for the ID
out warning (registering only, no authentication) |
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IF FOB-IN ACTIVE
SMK searches valid TP |
If no fob or no TP has been found, no action is required.
If any valid fob or valid TP has been found, SMK unlocks the
vehicle by sending a CAN Key Reminder unlock message with the fob
number.
If any valid fob has been found, SMK unlocks the vehicle by sending a CAN/LIN Key Reminder unlock message with the fob number. |
Smart Key Reminder 2
1. |
Preconditions:
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Any door (including trunk) open |
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No FOB-IN & no locking status (checked by SMK periodically for every 100 ms, as long as CAN/LIN active) |
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2. |
Vehicle action:
Closes the last door or trunk with knobs in locked state or with locking in progress |
3. |
SMK actions:
Before 500 ms has elapsed after closing the door, if all doors are locked, the following actions are performed:
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IF NO FOB-IN ACTIVE
SMK performs a search for the fobs in the interior of the vehicle.
The same LF-strategy has to be used as it is defined for the ID out warning (registering only, no authentication) |
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IF FOB-IN ACTIVE
SMK searches valid TP |
If no fob has been found, no action is required.
If any valid fob or valid TP has been found, SMK sends unlock command via CAN and activates ext. buzzer warning.
If any valid fob has been found, SMK sends unlock command via CAN/LIN and activates ext. buzzer warning. |
Smart Key Door Lock Warning
Door Lock Warning 1
1. |
Preconditions:
While (at least one door knob is unlocked) & (ACC ON or IGN ON) & (No FOB-IN) :
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(All doors are closed) & (trunk closed) |
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2. |
Event:
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User presses the push button in door handle or trunk |
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3. |
SMK actions:
SMK performs a search for the fobs outside of the vehicle;
the same LF-strategy has to be used as it is defined for "Scenario
Access with I/O Distinction". |
Door Lock Warning 2
1. |
Preconditions:
Same as passive locking precondition but with at least one door open. |
2. |
Event:
User presses the door handle Push button . |
3. |
SMK actions:
SMK performs a search for the fobs outside of the vehicle;
the same LF-strategy has to be used as it is defined for "Scenario
Access with I/O Distinction".
If no fob has been found, no action is required.
If the preconditions are no longer valid during buzzer active time (3 seconds), the SMK ECU stops the buzzer immediately. |
Door Lock Warning 3
1. |
Preconditions:
Same as passive locking precondition |
2. |
User action:
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User presses the door handle Push button |
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3. |
SMK ECU actions:
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If ATWS(Anti Theft Warning System) is in DISARM status, SMK
ECU performs a search for the fob inside of the vehicle (use "Door Lock
Warning 3" scenario) |
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If no fob has been found, the passive locking is performed.
If any valid fob has been found, SMK ECU activates the external buzzer.
If the activity timer elapsed or ACC ON or IGN1 ON or NOT All door closed or FOB-IN, the SMK ECU stops the buzzer immediately.
After searching of inside fob, SMK ECU also performs a search for fobs outside of the vehicle.
Smart Key Lamp Warning
1. |
SMK actions:
As long as the preconditions are valid, the SMK ECU performs a
periodical search for the fobs in the interior of the vehicle; the same
LF-strategy has to be used as it is defined for the ID out warning
(registering only, no authentication); periodical means, the search is
done every 3 seconds.
If no fob has been found, the SMK ECU starts Key out
indicator lamp activation as all preconditions are valid and will
perform another search 3 seconds later. |
If any valid fob has been found, the SMK ECU stops the Key
out indicator lamp and will (if one door is open) perform another search
3 seconds later; if no door is open then it’s only at the next When
the preconditions are still valid, the search resumes by opening of one
door.
Failsafe Functions (Backup For Limp Home)
In case of a discharged battery of the SMART KEY FOB or disturbed transmission, the following functions are available:
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Unlocking / locking of doors or trunk (or tailgate depending of the vehicle configuration): use of mechanical key |
User Information Functions
1. |
Preconditions:
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(ACC or IGN1) & (any door open or trunk open) |
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2. |
Event:
The last opened door is closed |
3. |
SMK action:
SMK searches for a SMART KEY FOB in the interior.
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If no valid SMART KEY FOB is found, the SMK activates
external buzzer and also sends ID OUT warning via CAN (exterior buzzer
warning and internal buzzer warning). |
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If a door is opened and closed again when the terminals are
on and valid fob is inside the vehicle, SMK re-enables the
authentication and stops the warning. If the terminal is in ACC, SMK
shall turn on immobilizer lamp. |
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If there is an LF error (LF overheating or LF antenna
failure), the system will behave in the same way as when no fob has been
found. |
Immobilizer Lamp
Removing the PIF from the MSL and reinserting the PIF and pushing the MSL Knob will switch the lamp on again.
Fob Battery Low Voltage Detection
To detect fob low battery condition, certain battery voltage
measurement and low voltage detection strategy are implemented into fob.
The measurement of the battery voltage will be done if fob button is
pressed or if an LF measurement command is received.
If the fob has detected a low battery voltage, the LED will not be switched on at button press.
Learning Description
In this chapter, the learning procedure for SMK, FOBs is described.
For the learning of the SMK, FOBs, it''s necessary to have a connection to the diagnostic tool.
Learning MODE
Whatever the mode, the learning procedures are managed by the SMK.
Prior to starting the learning service, Fob-In signal must be
active and the vehicle secret code (also referred to as PIN code)
should be known.
Teaching MODE
This mode is used by the dealers in order to replace SMK
and/or the set of keys, or to register additional keys for an existing
system. That means the system already has been learnt with certain PIN
Code. The PIN Code is fixed for the life time of the vehicle, therefore
the same PIN Code must be used in this mode. Otherwise learning will be
failed
Teaching MODE Procedure Description (Step By Step)
Objective: Key teaching procedure at service station
Initial state:
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SMK replacement: SMK is not learnt, SMART FOB are already learnt with same PIN code |
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Teaching additional or new keys: SMK and ESCL are already learnt with same PIN code |
Component Location (1)
1. Smart key unit2. External buzzer3. Door outside handle4. Interior antenna 1
Component Location (2)
1. Bumper antenna2. Interior antenna 23. Trunk lid open switch
...
Inspection
1.
Check that the red light flickers when the door lock or unlock button is pressed on the transmitter.
2.
Remove the battery (A) and check voltage if the red light doesn''t flicker ...
Other information:
Function
Audio Bluetooth System
General Features
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This audio system supports Bluetooth® hands-free and stereo-headset features.
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HANDS-FREE feature : Making or receiving calls wirelessly.
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STEREO-HEADSET feature : Playing music from cellular phones (that s ...
Component Location
1. Front door window glass
...